Steam turbine is the main component in power plants in both large and small units, and industrial steam systems. The steam turbine has been tailored for large fossil, nuclear, combined-cycle, geothermal, and small power facilitates and mechanical-drive service. The turbine island - including condensers, cooling systems, and cooling towers, instrumentation and control system, condensate/feed water pumps-make up water treatment systems, valves, pumps. Piping will continue to anchor the next generation of power plants. A single shaft steam turbine can produce more thant 1000 MW of power. Thus steam turbine has no match with other machines.
Fossil fuel is burnt in the furnace of the boiler and hot gases pass over the water tubes, heating the water inside the tubes. The water tubes are connected to the main boiler drum where high pressure, saturated steam is produced. The steam is then raised to a temperature higher than saturation temperature in the super heater. High pressure and high temperature super heated steam then enters the steam turbine. The steam expands in the turbine from a high pressure to low pressure area of the condensor. The heat energy is converted to mechanical energy to drive a generator to produce electricity. The exhaust steam from the
turbine is condensed inside a condenser by circulating water of the condenser tubes. The condensate is sent back to the boiler by condensate pumps. The steam power plant needs a large quantity of water for producing power and much more water to cool the exhaust steam from the turbine. So it is imperative that steam plants are located near river, lake or sea.
turbine is condensed inside a condenser by circulating water of the condenser tubes. The condensate is sent back to the boiler by condensate pumps. The steam power plant needs a large quantity of water for producing power and much more water to cool the exhaust steam from the turbine. So it is imperative that steam plants are located near river, lake or sea.
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| Schematic Diagram of Steam Power Plant B Boiler,S Super Heater, T Turbine, C Condenser P Pump. |
The steam explands in the turbine from a very high pressure to a low pressure of the condenser (less than atmospheric) with a large enthalpy drop. A very large quantity of water has to be circulated in the condenser and that heated up by condensation of steam so circulating water is cooled in cooling tower-a visible sight for the power plant from outside. Power produced by the turbine is mass flow rate of steam multiplied by the enthalpy drop.
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